Research Methods: In the article by Janosz, archambault, Morizot and pagani (2008), the method use in the research is qualitative research method. In the research carried out by Sample and colleagues, (2008), the research method was a qualitative research type. In the article by Neuenschwander and Garret (2008), the research method was qualitative. The article by Englund et al, (2008), the research method is qualitative. Melhuish et al, (2008) used qualitative cohort study method. In the article by Feinstain and Vignoles (2008), the research method was a cohort study. The article by Peck et al, (2008), the research method was qualitative. In the article by Messersmith and schulenberg, (2008), the research method was qualitative. Pagani et al (2008) used qualitative research method. Trost and El-Khouri (2008) used qualitative research method (Feinstein, & Peck, 2008).

Research Design: in all the articles, the research design is descriptive cross-sectional study of the population (Feinstein, & Peck, 2008).

Population: In the article by Janosz, archambault, Morizot and pagani (2008), the population was students aged between 12-16 years. In the research carried out by Sample and colleagues, (2008), the population was people between the age of 8years and 42 years. In the article by Neuenschwander and Garret (2008), the population of study was students in school. The study population was students of age twelve and sixteen in the article by Englund et al, (2008). In Melhuish et al, (2008), the study population is school children who are age of seven years or less. In the article by Feinstain and Vignoles (2008), the study population was people participating in higher education. The article by Peck et al, (2008), the population was youth aged between 14 years and 21 years. In the article by Messersmith and schulenberg, (2008), the population of study was young adults. Pagani et al (2008), the population of study was children. The research population used by Trost and El-Khouri (2008) was Swedish females (Feinstein, & Peck, 2008).

Data collection: In the article by Janosz, archambault, Morizot and pagani (2008), data was collected using use of check lists. In the research carried out by Sample and colleagues, (2008), data collection was by observation. Data was collected from secondary sources in the article by Neuenschwander and Garret (2008). The article by Englund et al, (2008) used observation as a method of data collection. In Melhuish et al, (2008), data was collected by observation of children and their families. In the article by Feinstain and Vignoles (2008), data was collected by observation. The article by Peck et al, (2008), data was collected by observation. Data in the article by Messersmith and schulenberg, (2008) was by observation. Data collection by Pagani et al (2008) was observational. Data collection by Trost and El-Khouri (2008) was by observational (Feinstein, & Peck, 2008).

Major Findings: In the article by Janosz, archambault, Morizot and pagani (2008), the major findings were that the probability of dropping out of school was three percent. In the research carried out by Sample and collegues, (2008), the major findings were there were more benefits for those women who were between the ages of 27 and 42 in their education. In the article by Neuenschwander and Garret (2008), the major findings were that the deviation of students can be predicted by their performance in class. The major findings in the article by Englund et al, (2008) were that there were some sleeper effects which manifest more in adolescent than in childhood. Melhuish et al, (2008) found that home learning environment was very important. In the article by Feinstain and Vignoles (2008), it was found out that the effects of higher education are different in different people. The article by Peck et al, (2008), the major findings were that the probability of following the normative path was predicted by the life space configurations of the person. In the article by Messersmith and schulenberg, (2008), the major finding was that many factors contributed to performances and the sizes of the effects determined the direction of deviation. Major findings by Pagani et al (2008) were that grouping context of the individuals determined the probability of drop out from school. Major findings in Trost and El-Khouri (2008) article were that there was a relationship between structural and individual stability in the change of path way in education (Feinstein, & Peck, 2008).